Houston S, Powell MD (2003) Surface wind fields for Florida Bay Hurricanes. Hoffmeister JE, Stockman KW, Multer HG (1967) Miami limestone of Florida and its recent Bahamian counterpart. Hoffmeister JE, Multer HG (1968) Geology and origin of the Florida Keys. Herbert PJ, Jarell JD, Mayfield M (1992) Greatest storms of this century (and other frequently requested facts) NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC-31, U.S. Gallagher D (2003) Florida’s great ocean railway-building the Key West extension. National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, 326p J Coast Res Special Issue no.21:24–48ĭrye W (2002) Storm of the century: national geographic books. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.īoss SK, Neuman AC (1995) Hurricane Andrew on Northern Great Bahama Bank: insights into storm behavior on shallow seas. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. The lessons from this hurricane are applied to the rapidly developing coastal areas of Tampa-St. The slow storm movement actually aided in hurricane intensification in this case, the storm moved over the hot waters of the Bahama Platform and then traversed the Florida Straits, underlain by the 900 ft deep, very warm waters of the Florida Current. Fluid pressure built up steadily on the Gulf side of the fills, and eventually they were breached. A significant hydraulic head developed on the ocean side of the Keys. However, the earthen fills blocked the waters behind the Keys and the flow was restricted as it passed between the stone piers of the railroad viaducts. The bay waters in front of the Keys withdrew relatively quickly across the reef. When the hurricane moved off the Keys, offshore winds started to blow the floodwaters back into the ocean. As the hurricane moved onshore, the ocean submerged the Keys and surface structures were obliterated. wide) stone piers restricted tidal flow by 19%. Filled railroad embankments totally restricted the return flow, while large (12 f. Data cited here allows us to explain the exceptional intensification.Ī synthesis of archival material, original Florida Overseas Railroad drawings, survivor interviews, meteorological data, and field studies have been used to explain the surge dynamics and rapid intensification in the 1935 hurricane. However, in the Bahamas the slow-moving storm intensified to a Category 5+ event, in 1 day, as it traveled the 100 miles to Florida. Normally a slow moving storm draws up all of the warm water above the thermocline and weakens. The storm was moving exceptionally slowly at 5 miles/h (2.2 m/s). However, no one has been able to verify their hypothesis or to quantify the degree of tidal prism restriction. Some natives blamed the filling of tidal channels in the building of the Florida East Coast Railway extension in the early 1900s for impounding floodwaters. Superposed wind waves caused damage at much higher levels. The hurricane had winds exceeding Category 5 levels 155 miles/h (69.3 m/s) on the Saffir-Simpson Scale (Weatherwise 27:169–186, 1974) and surge levels up to 18 ft (6 m). 1 had recently increased the population significantly. However, the 600 World War I veterans engaged in building U.S. At that time, this was a sparsely populated area. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C, 1992) made a landfall in the Middle section of the Florida Keys. Greatest storms of this century (and other frequently requested facts) NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC-31, U.S. Charlestown, R.I., lost a bit more: 160 out of 200 homes were annihilated.On Labor Day, September 2, 1935, the most powerful hurricane in U.S. Westerly, a bastion of quiet old wealth, never quite regained its prestige after the Great 1938 Hurricane. There the family stepped back on to land and back into their lives. In all, 10 people clung to that bit of floor as it hurtled across the Sound to land in Connecticut. “We were on the water with the waves crashing over us, and part of the house still attached, one of the walls still attached to this piece of floor, and it almost acted as a sail.” “Next thing I knew, we were floating,” Moore recalled. Finally, the waves overwhelmed their own house, lifting it off its foundation. The family moved first to the second floor and finally to the third floor to stay above the storm surge, watching as house after house succumbed and neighbors were washed away. As the ocean waves began surging into the house, Catherine Moore recalls her father bracing against the front door literally trying to hold back the ocean. As the storm grew stronger, the family tried to evacuate their beachfront home, but could not. Perhaps the most astounding story of the storm comes from the Moore family of Westerly, R.I.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |